Introduction to Nursing Diagnosis: Risk of Decreased Cardiac Output
Nanda nursing diagnosis is an official hospital classification system for diagnosis. It helps the nurse to recognise and determine the expected outcomes for a nursing intervention. This system standardises language and terms used in nursing assessment and care planning. The Risk of Decreased Cardiac Output (RDCIO) nanda nursing diagnosis is used to describe a condition affecting heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, shock, valve disease and more.
Nursing Diagnosis Definition
The official definition of RDCIO nursing diagnosis, as stated by the NANDA International, is: “At risk for a decrease in the ability of the heart to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues due to a decrease in stroke or other cardiac output parameters”.
Defining Characteristics
Subjective
- Fear and/or anxiety
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations or racing heart
- Decrease in activity level
Objectives
- Decreased blood pressure
- Weak and/or thready pulse
- Decreased oxygen saturation
- Elevated BUN/creatine levels
- Hepatojugular reflux
- Fluid retention (edema)
- Cardiac arrest
- Arrhythmia
- Myocardial infarction
- Shock
- Heart failure
- Vascular constrictions
- Valve defects
- Medication toxicity effects
- Dehydration
- Hemorrhage
- Anemia
- Hypovolemia
- Systemic illnesses
Risk Population
Patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, or those with a history of cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction are at higher risk for decreased cardiac output.
Associated Problems
The inadequate cardiac output can lead to many pathophysiologic changes such as decreased blood pressure and hypoxia resulting in neuronal damage or organ dysfunction.
Suggestions of Use
nursing diagnosis can be applied to various clinical scenarios such as post-operative recovery, complex chronic diseases, infections, or acute conditions.
Suggested Alternative Nursing Diagnosis
Some alternative diagnoses that could be considered instead of RDCIO nanda nursing diagnosis include Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Acute Pain, Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements, and Impaired Gas Exchange.
Usage Tips
When using the RDCIO nanda nursing diagnosis, nurses should be aware of the most appropriate interventions to provide patient care while monitoring and evaluating their response. Additionally, they should be able to recognize risk factors, such as underlying causes of decreased cardiac output, in order to formulate individualized plans of care.
NOC Results
- Cardiac Output - assessment of the amount of blood being pumped from the heart
- Breathing Pattern - individualized assessment of breathing pattern based on rate and depth of breathing
- Tissue Perfusion - monitor presence and adequacy of blood flow to organs and tissues
- Metabolic Status - monitor hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, acid-base balance, electrolytes and oxygen saturation
- Cardiac Function - monitor and assess ECG readings and other indicators of cardiac functioning
NIC Interventions
- Fluid Management & Monitoring - administer fluids and medications as ordered, check for fluid retention, monitor intake and output and document any changes
- Nutrition Control & Monitoring - educate patient on diet modifications, monitor nutritional intake and output and provide nutritional supplemental feeding if needed
- Activity Intolerance Management & Monitoring - assist patient in bed positioning and repositioning, encourage resting position, adapt environment and activities to patient's level of fatigue and monitor vital signs
- Cardiac Dysrhythmias Management & Monitoring - detect changes in rhythm and rate, assess patient response to identified treatments, support patient's self-care strategies and documentation of any changes
- Pain Management & Monitoring - assesspatient pain, implement appropriate pain management techniques, monitor patient's response to treatment, support and reassure patient
Conclusion
RDCIO nanda nursing diagnosis is essential for recognizing and treating cardiac conditions, helping to improve patient outcome by providing individualized care. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the defining characteristics and the associated problems of this diagnosis, as well as the appropriate NOC and NIC interventions for positive patient outcomes.
FAQs
- What is RDCIO nanda diagnosis? – RDCIO nanda diagnosis is used to describe a condition affecting heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, shock, valve disease and more.
- What are the defining characteristics of this diagnosis? – Subjective characteristics include fear and/or anxiety, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations or racing heart, and decrease in activity level. Objectives include: decreased blood pressure, weak and/or thready pulse, decreased oxygen saturation, elevated BUN/creatine levels, hepatojugular reflux, and fluid retention (edema).
- Who is at risk for decreased cardiac output? – Patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, or those with a history of cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction are at higher risk for decreased cardiac output.
- What are some NOC and NIC interventions for this diagnosis? – NOC interventions include assessment of cardiac output, breathing pattern, tissue perfusion, metabolic status, and cardiac function. NIC interventions include fluid management & monitoring, nutrition control & monitoring, activity intolerance management & monitoring, cardiac dysrhythmias management & monitoring, and pain management & monitoring.
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